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13th International Conference on Nephrology & Therapeutics, will be organized around the theme “Kidney Health for All - Advancing Equitable Access to Care and Optimal Medication Practice”

Nephrology 2024 is comprised of keynote and speakers sessions on latest cutting edge research designed to offer comprehensive global discussions that address current issues in Nephrology 2024

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Nephrology is a branch of adult and pediatric medicine that deals with the study, treatment and maintenance of kidney health. Factors affecting the kidneys (diabetes and high blood pressure), systemic diseases such as hypertension, renal osteodystrophy are also investigated. Numerous kidney disorders can affect organs outside of the kidney, leading to lupus, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and polycystic kidney disease, among other ailments. Specific therapeutic strategies are needed for these conditions.

Vasculitis is an autoimmune disorder causing inflammation of blood vessels, affecting various parts of the body. The exact cause is unknown, but typically, the immune system attacks the affected vessels. Fever, exhaustion, muscles and joint pain, and skin rashes are among symptoms. . Treatment involves medications and surgery in severe cases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing vasculitis and preventing complications.

Urology is a subspecialty of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary system problems in both men and women, as well as conditions affecting the male reproductive organs. Urology and reproductive organs are inextricably linked, and disorders in one frequently affect the other. Invasive robotic and laparoscopic surgery, laser-assisted surgery, and other endoscopic procedures are examples of urological techniques.

  • General Urology
  • Pediatric Urology

Urinary tract infections(UTIs) are infections that affect any part of the urogenital apparatus, such as the kidneys, bladder, or urethra. Tract infections are most common in women and occur in the bladder or urethra, but serious infections involve the kidney. Female anatomy, sexuality, birth control methods, menopause, tract abnormalities, blockages within the tract, suppressed system, catheter use, and current urinary procedure are risk factors for women who have tract infections.

People with kidney and chronic diseases have a higher risk of contracting viral infections. Patients on dialysis have a slower system, which makes it harder for them to fight infections. Adverse effects of coronavirus in acute kidney injury include acute tubular necrosis with septic shock, direct renal infection, and increased coagulation. It is possible that the kidney function deteriorates due to the corona virus infection. Nephrologists have observed high levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria) in patients with COVID-19.

Renal tissue engineering is revolutionizing the treatment of kidney diseases by creating functional artificial kidneys that replace or repair damaged renal tissue. Combining biology, engineering, and medicine principles, this innovative approach could eliminate dialysis and transplantation, offering a long-lasting solution to renal failure.

The normal blood filtering function of the kidneys is replaced by renal replacement therapy. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, treatment is usually recommended for patients with renal failure, acute kidney injury, or chronic nephrosis. Kidney transplantation is the final option for replacing an ageing kidney with a donor kidney. Treatment for urinary tract disorders is typically considered a life-sustaining treatment rather than a cure, but when the disease is well managed with dialysis and early diagnosis, the results are very good.

Renal pathology is concerned with the identification of medical (non-neoplastic) diseases and, as a result, the diagnosis of kidney disease. Renal pathologists work with nephrologists and kidney transplant surgeons who specialize in diagnosing kidney conditions. A pathologist interprets biopsied tissue in a clinical context, consolidates findings from microscopy, microscopy, and establishes a diagnosis. Medical renal disease can affect tubules and interstitial, glomeruli, blood vessels, or a mixture of these departments.

People with renal impairment are often advised to follow a renal diet low in sodium, phosphorus, and protein to slow down the amount of waste products in the blood. Renal nutrition and diet emphasizes maintaining a balance between food intake and normally restricted water intake. People with kidney disease monitor their sodium intake because the kidneys cannot remove excess sodium and water. Phosphorus intake should be monitored because high levels of phosphorus can pull calcium out of the bones and make them weak, so avoid the word "PHOS" on ingredient labels, eat smaller portions, and choose low-phosphorus foods. 

The method of figuring out the character of a sickness or ailment and distinguishing it from different viable situations is referred to as diagnosis. A patient's medical history and physical examination data are usually collected to determine the diagnosis. Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, biopsy, kidney transplantation, and conservative management are treatment for kidney disease that does not require dialysis.

  • Proteomics and Biomarkers for Kidney Diseases Diagnosis
  • Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence in Kidney Disease Diagnosis

A pregnancy complication characterized by large forces per unit area is known as pre-eclampsia (toxicosis). Fluid retention and leg swelling are common among pregnant women, making it difficult to distinguish preeclampsia from normal pregnancy. In women with urinary tract disorders, even a small reduction puts them at risk of toxicosis, which can lead to acute kidney injury, endothelial damage, and podocyte loss. may put you at risk for pre-eclampsia, but is also associated with impaired glycocalyx integrity and alterations of the complement and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems.

A pregnancy complication characterized by large forces per unit area is known as pre-eclampsia (toxicosis). Fluid retention and leg swelling are common among pregnant women, making it difficult to distinguish preeclampsia from normal pregnancy. In women with urinary tract disorders, even a small reduction puts them at risk of toxicosis, which can lead to acute kidney injury, endothelial damage, and podocyte loss. may put you at risk for pre-eclampsia, but is also associated with impaired glycocalyx integrity and alterations of the complement and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems.

Pediatric Nephrology is a multidisciplinary field that provides expert diagnosis, treatment, and management of all types of kidney and hypertensive disorders in infants, children, and adolescents. It includes dialysis treatments, renal biopsy, renal transplantation, x-ray interpretation of kidneys, and pressure monitoring. Kidney disease in a child can range from a treatable disability to a life-threatening condition. 

Neuro-urology is an intriguing area that examines and cures urinary issues caused by neurological diseases. The bladder and urine system are regulated by the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. When these neurological interactions are disrupted or broken, problems such as urinary incontinence or bladder emptying difficulties may result. Neuro-urologists are specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of these illnesses, which are managed with a mix of medication and surgical techniques. Recognising the sensitive link between the neurological system and the urinary system allows neuro-urologists to treat individuals suffering from these complex illnesses.

The term nephrotoxicity describes the harmful effects that some chemicals have on the kidneys. As many drugs and other substances have the potential to harm the delicate kidney structures, it is a prevalent worry in the medical community. Numerous medications, ranging from antibiotics to painkillers, can lead to nephrotoxicity if misused or taken in excess. Moreover, several chemicals and environmental pollutants can also harm the kidneys. Healthcare professionals must be aware of nephrotoxicity and actively watch patients who are at risk. We can lessen the negative effects of nephrotoxicity on people's health by being aware of the potential risks and implementing the required safety measures.

Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic nephrosis, is a kidney complication caused by type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It impairs the kidneys' ability to remove waste and water from the body. Diabetic nephropathy damages the kidney's filtration system gradually, but early treatment can prevent or slow disease progression. Dialysis and kidney transplantation are treatment options when diabetic nephropathy causes the end-stage kidney disease.

  • Analgesic Nephropathy
  • Diabetic Nephropathy

Acute kidney failure, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), is a sudden and rapid loss of kidney function. This condition can occur over a few hours to a few days and is characterized by the kidneys' inability to adequately filter waste products and maintain electrolyte balance in the body. AKI is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention.

Lupus affects the skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart, and lungs, and when it affects the kidneys, it is known as lupus nephritis. Healthcare professionals treat lupus nephritis by administering medication that reduces inflammation in the kidneys, decreases system activity, and prevents immune cells from attacking the kidneys. Blood tests, urinalysis, X-rays, ultrasound scans of the kidneys, and, in some cases, a kidney biopsy are used to make an early diagnosis of lupus nephritis.

Kidney transplantation is the organ transplantation of kidneys to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which can result in a permanent state of kidney disease requiring dialysis. Donors can be alive or dead, and even living donors can live a healthy life with healthy kidneys. A new kidney is placed in the lower abdomen. Immunosuppressive drugs are given to kidney transplant recipients to prevent the body from rejecting the new kidney. Long-term use of immunosuppressants puts kidney transplant recipients at increased risk of infections and cancer.

Hydronephrosis is a medical term that refers to a condition in which one or both kidneys become stretched and swollen due to urine build-up. A blockage within the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder causes it (ureter). A kidney stone, an infection, an enlarged prostate, a blood clot, or a tumour are all possible causes. Common symptoms of this illness include trouble urinating and pain in the side, abdominal, or groyne area. Antibiotics may be prescribed in cases where there is an infection. In extreme cases, the bladder or kidney may require drainage to ease the condition

Hematuria is the term given for the presence of red blood cells in the urine. Red blood cells are usually not found in urine. Kidney filters keep blood out of your urine. If you have hematuria, filters in your kidneys or other parts of your urinary tract can allow blood to leak into your urine, can be caused by genetic diseases such as glomerulonephritis. 

Proteinuria is defined as an abnormally high level of protein in the urine. This may indicate kidney damage. When the kidneys are damaged, their filters release proteins from the blood into the urine, such as: B. Albumin. Treatments sought by nephrologists include dietary changes, weight management, blood pressure, and diabetes medications.

 

 

 

Glomerulonephritis refers to inflammation of the glomeruli, responsible for removing waste products from the blood, leading to kidney damage. Tubulointerstitial diseases involve inflammation of tubules and interstitium, responsible for reabsorbing substances and maintaining electrolyte balance. Both conditions can cause symptoms such as blood in the urine, swelling, and high blood pressure. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent further damage to the kidneys.

Endourology is a specialized urology area that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures for the urinary tract using small internal endoscopes and instruments. This approach offers less pain, shorter recovery times, and minimal scarring compared to traditional open surgery. Endourological procedures can treat urinary tract strictures, bladder stones, tumors, and kidney stones. Advancements in technology enable many urologic operations to be performed using endourological techniques, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Co-trimoxazole is the recommended antibiotic after kidney transplant or after taking cyclophosphamide (an immunosuppressant) or rituximab. Azathioprine, cyclosporine, and mycophenolic acid are also recommended immunosuppressants for kidney disease. Cyclophosphamide, also an immunosuppressant, is used in high doses to treat cancer. Cyclophosphamide drugs are prescribed to treat myeloma, vasculitis, lupus, or membranous nephritis. 

  • Telenephrology

The process of removing waste, excess water, toxins, and dissolved substances from the blood of people whose kidneys have stopped functioning on their own is called dialysis. During dialysis, the blood to be purified is drained. Hemodialysis Dialysis and peritoneal dialysis are he two forms of dialysis.

  • Transitional Care Units
  • Arteriovenous Fistula Dialysis
  • Bio-artificial Dialysis Technologies

Clinical nephrology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related diseases and disorders. Nephrologists, the medical professionals specializing in this field, manage a wide range of conditions that affect the kidneys and the urinary system.

Key aspects of clinical nephrology include:

  1. Disease Diagnosis and Management

  2. Hypertension and Kidney Health

  3. Electrolyte and Fluid Balance

  4. Dialysis

  5. Kidney Transplantation

  6. Urinary Tract Infections and Disorders

  7. Research and Advancements

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, maintaining electrolyte balance, and producing hormones that regulate blood pressure and red blood cell production. CKD is a common and potentially serious condition that can lead to kidney failure if not properly managed.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, maintaining electrolyte balance, and producing hormones that regulate blood pressure and red blood cell production. CKD is a common and potentially serious condition that can lead to kidney failure if not properly managed.

A biopsy is a medical procedure where a small sample of tissue or cells is taken from a person's body for examination under a microscope. Biopsies are commonly performed to diagnose or rule out various medical conditions, including cancers, infections, and inflammatory disorders. The type of biopsy conducted depends on the suspected condition and the location of the tissue being sampled.

Common types of biopsies include:

  1. Needle Biopsy:

    • Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): A thin, hollow needle is used to withdraw a small amount of tissue or fluid from a suspicious area, often guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scans.
    • Core Needle Biopsy: A larger, hollow needle is used to extract a cylindrical sample of tissue from the affected area.
  2. Surgical Biopsy:

    • Incisional Biopsy: A portion of the suspicious tissue is removed for examination.
    • Excisional Biopsy: The entire abnormal area or tumor, along with a margin of surrounding healthy tissue, is removed.
  3. Bone Marrow Biopsy:

    • A needle is used to extract a small amount of bone marrow from the hipbone or breastbone. This type of biopsy helps diagnose blood disorders, leukemia, and certain types of cancers.
  4. Skin Biopsy:

    • Punch Biopsy: A circular blade is used to remove a small section of skin, including the layers beneath it.
    • Shave Biopsy: A thin slice of the top layers of the skin is removed using a scalpel.
  5. Endoscopic Biopsy:

    • An endoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera, is inserted into the body through a natural opening or a small incision. Biopsy forceps or brushes may be used to collect samples.

Renal endocrinology is a field that explores the complex interactions between the kidneys and various hormones in the body. The kidneys play a crucial role in hormone regulation, impacting blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production. Advances in renal endocrinology are essential for understanding and managing conditions related to hormonal imbalances and kidney function.

Fanconi syndrome is a rare disorder that affects the kidneys' proximal tubules, leading to the impaired reabsorption of various substances such as glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes.

Advancements in Fanconi syndrome treatment may include:

  1. Genetic Discoveries

  2. Symptomatic Management

  3. Research on Underlying Causes

  4. Nutritional Interventions

  5. Renal Replacement Therapy

  6. Medication Development

  7. Stem Cell Therapy

  8. Patient Support and Advocacy

Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. It is the most common inherited kidney disorder, and it typically manifests in adulthood. ADPKD is primarily caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, leading to the formation of cysts that can disrupt kidney function over time.