9th International Conference on Nephrology & Therapeutics September 29-30, 2016 Orlando, USA

The aims of this study were to assess the clinical utility of total and regional bone densitometry in a large continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) population and to determine the clinical, biochemical, and radiographic variables that best identified osteopenic CAPD patients.

The diagnostic and prognostic validity of sperm function biomarkers is particularly relevant for males with unexplained infertility in which routine semen analysis fails to detect sub cellular   sperm dysfunctions. In this general review, we examine there are several types of acute nephritis. They are Interstitial Nephritis: The spaces between the renal tubules that form urine become inflamed. Pyelonephritis: This type of acute nephritis produces inflammation in the glomeruli. Interstitial Nephritis: This type is often caused by an allergic reaction to a medication or antibiotic.

The majority of nephritis infections occur from the bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli), which is found in the intestine.

The stages of kidney disease are determined by the glomerular filtration rate. Glomerular filtration is the process by which the kidneys filter the blood, removing excess wastes and fluids. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a calculation that determines how well the blood is filtered by the kidneys. It is one way to measure kidney types.

They are Acute kidney disease is the sudden loss of kidney function that occurs when high levels of waste products of the body's metabolism accumulate in the blood. Chronic Kidney Disease is a gradual development of permanent kidney disease that worsens over a number of years. Pediatric Kidney Disease can affect children in various ways, ranging from treatable disorders without long-term consequences to life-threatening conditions. Polycystic Kidney Disease is characterized by the growth of numerous kidney cysts, which cause abnormalities in both the kidney structure and function. Hypertension Uncontrolled hypertension can damage many organs in the body including kidneys.

The purpose of the kidney disease diet is to limit the amount of protein in the diet so that less urea is produced.

Renal Pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids. Renal Pathology is one of the major classifications of Pathology. It is accomplished through practical diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis. So far covers the diagnostic testing, Implications of kidney patients, Urinalysis, Blood Samples, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), kidney biopsy, Clinical finding of kidney diseases and other disease.

The renal pathology research findings are associated with light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence to obtain the accurate diagnosis. Renal Pathology or kidney pathology covers the topics toxic tubular necrosis, renal carcinomas, Diabetic glomerulosclerosis and other kidney related diseases examined under microscope or molecular testing. Renal pathology in nephrology, toxins, tumors and Pathology of lupus glomerulonephritis are also very important research topics for renal pathology. Medical renal diseases may affect the glomerulus, the tubules and interstitium, the vessels, or a combination of these compartments.

The term nephrologist comes from the Greek word “nephros”, which means kidney or renal and “ologist” refers to someone who studies. Nephrologists are also called kidney doctors. Nephrologists are educated in internal medicine and then undergo more training to specialize in treating patients with kidney diseases. They commonly treat chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic kidney disease (PKD), acute renal failure, kidney stones and high blood pressure and renovascular hypertension are educated on all aspects of kidney transplantation and dialysis. Various techniques have been developed to diagnose renal hypertension using digital image processing of radiographs. Medications are used first to try to control high blood pressure in renal hypertension. In some people with renal hypertension due to narrowing of the renal artery, even taking three or more medications every day may not adequately control blood pressure. In these situations, a procedure like angioplasty or stenting, to improve blood flow to the kidneys can often help along with its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.

The Kidney is the most commonly transplanted organ from a living donor and the deceased donor transplantation is a transplant where the donated kidney takes from died person.  Immunosuppressive medications that help suppress the immune system. Pediatric Renal transplantation is accepted as the treatment option for children with final stage of renal disease. HLA and ABO incompatible transplantations conduct in end-stage kidney disease individuals. Hyperacute rejection usually takes place within the first 24 hours after transplantation. Chronic acute kidney rejection occurs months to years following transplantation.

Kidney treatment will depend on the stage of kidney diseases. Stages one, two and three can usually be treated. Treatment involves making changes to the lifestyle and, in some cases, taking medication to control the blood pressure and lower your blood cholesterol levels. This should help prevent further damage to the kidneys and circulation.

A branch of medicine which deals with the study of normal  kidney function, kidney problems & their treatment. It also involves Renal replacement therapies .

Acute kidney failure: Disfunction of the kidneys to filter the waste from the blood. Decreased urinary output, swelling due to urinary retention, nausea, shortness of breath are some of the symptoms. Acute tubular necrosis was death of the tubular epithelial of the renal tubules in the kidneys. Consumption of nephrotoxic drugs & low blood pressure are the common causes. Diabetes insipidus-  A condition in which kidneys prevent the excretion of water. Hypocalcaemia & Several Other Case Reports Related to Nephrology.

Every nephrologist has received extensive training in general internal medicine, and many nephrologists will treat their patients for other things besides kidney problems. It’s important that patients tell their kidney doctors if they notice any changes in their health.

Critical Care Nephrology aims to discover advances in health practice, management and education in relation to health disparities as well as a breadth of other topics, here are two types of administrators, generalists and specialists. Generalists are responsible for managing entire facilities. Specialists are responsible for particular department such as finance, accounting, budgeting, and human resources. The District Health System is recognised as the most appropriate vehicle for the delivery of health care. Health promotion is an important aspect of renal care. To attract patients and improve population health management, health systems are expanding primary care networks by adding non-traditional access points such as retail clinics, onsite clinics, e-visits, and hybrid clinic sites. Practitioners are encouraged to embrace innovation within their practice to further escalate the treatment process and improve patient outcomes.

 Since no specific in alternative and Ayurvedic medicine for kidney can help treat kidney failure effectively, the best method is to combine them. Immunotherapy, as one great breakthrough in treating end-stage kidney disease, is just a combination of advanced western medical technologies and traditional herbal medicines.

As a result of changes in the way we eat and live, some chronic diseases are increasingly affecting both developed and developing countries. Indeed, diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, dental disease, and osteoporosis are the most common cause of death in the world and present a great burden for society.

A dietary supplement is intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities. Supplements as generally understood include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids, among other substances. U.S. authorities define dietary supplements as foods, while elsewhere they may be classified as drugs or other products. The application of nutrition science in the promotion of health, peak performance and individual care. Registered Nutritional Therapists use a wide range of tools to assess and identify potential nutritional imbalances and understand how these may contribute to an individual’s symptoms and health concerns. This approach allows them to work with individuals to address nutritional balance and help support the body towards maintaining health. Nutritional Therapy is recognised as a complementary medicine and is relevant for individuals with chronic conditions, as well as those looking for support to enhance their health and wellbeing.

Nephrology Nursing is a planned attempt to increase nursing knowledge by the discovery of new facts through systematic enquiry. It includes: Improvement in patient care, Reduced cost of kidney care provision, Accountability and protection against litigation, Addition to the existing body of nursing knowledge, Enhancement of nursing as a profession.

Renal care nursing is the field of nursing with a focus on the most extreme consideration of the discriminatingly sick or unsteady chronic kidney patients. Contamination revultion and nursing consideration is the control concerned with turning away nosocomial or health awareness related disease, a functional (as opposed to scholastic) sub-order of the study of disease transmission. Infants who need escalated restorative consideration are regularly conceded into a unique region of the clinic called the Neonatal serious care and nursing consideration. The part of backing in discriminating nursing consideration: Critical consideration medical attendants work in a wide assortment of settings, filling numerous parts including bedside clinicians, attendant teachers, medical caretaker analysts, medical caretaker supervisors, clinical medical caretaker authorities and medical attendant professionals. Measurements of Renal Care Nursing's mission is to give attendants exact, current, and applicable data and lodging to exceed expectations in discriminating consideration rehearse.

Based upon new technological advancements the need for dialysis centers will be reduced, an artificial kidney will be wearable and implantable. Many physicians use patient portals to interact with patients through secure messaging. Though electronic health records from various companies may not talk to each other, patients are able to get information from their various providers through these portals.

Recent studies estimated Bio-artificial kidneys might one day be able to do more than filter waste with tubular cells in the dialysis apparatus. The ultimate goal of the potential new modality of treatment is to free End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients from being tethered for several hours to a dialysis machine or even prevent Peritoneal Dialysis patients from having to conduct multiple daily. Additionally, great strides have been made in medical technology, organ preservation and the development of more effective drugs to prevent rejection.  Success rates of transplant surgeries have advanced a great deal.

Technological Advances in Renal Replacement even though successful in sustaining life and improving quality of life.

There are several hospitals offering kidney treatments including dialysis and transplantation. They are well known for health care and fast recovery is promised from the hospital combined with a pleasant and suitable caring atmosphere. According to the global statistics they were nearly 12000 Hospitals in cites associated with kidney treatments and 17790 doctors of USA working in the hospitals.

Nephrology Societies leads the fight against kidney disease by educating health professionals, sharing new knowledge, advancing research, and advocating the highest quality care for patients. As per the statistics they were 9,000 Nephrology societies across the globe. Nephrology devices market is segmented by type into dialysis equipment, Kidney stone treatment devices, urinary incontinence & pelvic organ prolapse devices, endoscopy devices and benign prosthetic hyperplasia treatment devices. Dialysis equipment is the largest segment of the market due to rising incidences of chronic kidney diseases. Geographically, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and LAMEA. Currently, USA is the largest region in the nephrology devices market with leading dialysis and sacral neurostimulation market.

Renal failure refers to temporary or permanent damage to the kidneys those results in loss of normal kidney function. There are two different types of Renal failures-acute and chronic. Acute renal failure has an abrupt onset and is potentially reversible. Chronic renal failure progresses slowly over at least three months and can lead to permanent renal failure. The causes, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes of acute and chronic are different. Chronic kidney disease, as defined since 2002 by the presence of kidney damage or reduced Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), affects 10% of the adult population worldwide and more than one-third of the elderly. A recent large Meta analysis of 46 general population, high risk and CKD, including more than 2 million participants, showed that both low estimated GFR and high albuminuria were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease and progression to End-stage renal disease (ESRD) regardless of age.

The small geographic variation in CKD prevalence and the large variation in ESRD incidence, three times higher, for example, in the USA than in Europe. Finally, quality of life and patient rating of healthcare remain under studied in early-stage CKD despite increasing recognition of the importance of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials and public health. Thus, chronic kidney disease conferences was identification of new predictive markers is also necessary to improve risk assessment in CKD. Several biomarkers emerging from epidemiological studies are promising, but further evidence is needed before they can be routinely used to predict outcomes.

The Division of Nephrology cares for patients with a diverse range of kidney diseases in an inpatient consult service, ward/transplant service and in outpatient clinics. It has gained recognition for its expertise in difficult-to manage and complicated hypertension cases. The division also has designated specialists in clinical hypertension. Over the past five years, Transplant Nephrology has expanded and developed a comprehensive program for long-term follow-up of kidney transplant patients.

The researchers found that catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) rates decreased from 2.40 to 2.05 infections per 1000 catheter-days (incidence rate ratio, 0.86), in an unadjusted analysis. Among non-intensive care units (ICUs), catheter use decreased from 20.1 to 18.8% and catheter-associated UTI rates decreased from 2.28 to 1.54 infections per 1000 catheter-days. There was no change in infections or catheter use in ICUs. Hospital-acquired UTI rates rose nationwide during the same time period, Saint noted.