Nephrology & Therapeutics

Nephrology and Therapeutics

Nephrology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and care of nephrology illnesses. It deals with infections of the kidneys and bladder. The level of the T12 to L3 vertebral bodies corresponds to the retroperitoneal location of the kidneys. The fibrous capsule surrounding the kidney is encircled with Para renal fat. The kidney can be divided into two parts: the renal sinus, which contains the renal pelvis, calyces, renal arteries, nerves, and per renal fat, and the renal parenchyma, which includes the renal cortex and medulla. Cortex and medulla make up the two layers of this renal parenchyma. Inadvertently, the renal cortex is located beneath the case, and the renal medulla is made up of 10–14 renal pyramids, which are divided from one another by renal segments, an expansion of the renal cortex. The kidneys provide several crucial functions, such as the filtration and elimination of metabolic waste products (urea and ammonium), regulation of vital electrolytes, fluid, and corrosive base balance, and stimulation of red platelet production. Additionally, they help regulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which controls water absorption and maintains intravascular volume. Additionally, the kidneys reabsorb glucose and amino acids and activate erythropoietin, calcitriol, and vitamin D to function as hormonal organs.